The Role of Physiotherapy in Managing Arthritis

Living with arthritis can turn everyday activities into significant challenges. Whether opening a jar or taking a leisurely walk, joint pain and stiffness can hinder your quality of life. But with the right support — particularly physiotherapy — it is possible to manage symptoms effectively and maintain an active lifestyle.

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Understanding arthritis  

Arthritis is not a single disease but a term encompassing over 100 joint-related conditions. The most common types include:

• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition where cartilage — the protective tissue at the ends of bones — wears down over time. Osteoarthritis commonly affects the joints in the hands, knees, hip and spine.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks healthy joint tissue, leading to inflammation and damage. In most cases, the small joints of the hands, wrists, ankles and feet are affected. It can also affect the heart, lungs and nervous system.

Common symptoms across these types include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. In some cases, individuals may also experience fatigue and systemic issues.
In South Africa, osteoarthritis is notably prevalent. According to a recent study in SAFP (South Africa Family Practice), 55.1% of adults over 65 in urban settings have osteoarthritis. In rural areas, it ranges between 29.5% and 82.7% (Rangiah et al., 2020).

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Who is at risk of developing arthritis?  

While arthritis is often associated with ageing, it can affect individuals of all ages. Risk factors include:

• Age: The likelihood increases as you get older.
• Genetics: A family history of arthritis can make you more susceptible.
• Gender: Some types, like rheumatoid arthritis, are more common in women.
• Previous joint injuries: Damage from sports injuries or accidents can lead to arthritis later in life.
• Obesity: Excess weight stresses joints, particularly the knees, hips, and spine.

Understanding these risk factors can aid in early detection and management.

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Arthritis – Is there a cure? 

While there is no magic cure for arthritis, early diagnosis and a proactive management plan can significantly slow its progression, reduce symptoms, and improve quality of life. With appropriate care, many individuals with arthritis can continue leading active, fulfilling lives without experiencing any symptoms or pain.

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How does one manage arthritis?

Managing arthritis involves a combination of therapies to minimise symptoms and maintain joint health. It often includes:

• Medication: To control pain and inflammation.
• Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, eating an anti-inflammatory diet, and staying active.
• Surgery: In severe cases, joint replacement surgery might be recommended.

Importantly, physiotherapy is a cornerstone of effective arthritis management.

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How physiotherapy helps

At Hein Viljoen Physiotherapy, we adopt a personalised approach to help you manage arthritis symptoms and keep moving. Physiotherapy can assist in several ways:

• Pain relief: Techniques like manual therapy, soft tissue mobilization, and therapeutic modalities (such as laser therapy) help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Improved mobility and flexibility: Targeted exercises help maintain and restore range of motion.
• Strength building: Strengthening the muscles around affected joints improves support and reduces the strain on joints.
• Education and advice: We guide you on joint protection techniques, correct posture, and pacing strategies and recommend lifestyle adjustments to limit flare-ups.
• Exercise programs: Tailored exercise plans are designed to fit your fitness level, symptoms, and goals.

Movement is medicine for arthritis — but it needs to be the right kind of movement, tailored to your condition.

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It is never too early — or too late — to seek help

Physiotherapy plays a vital role in managing arthritis, and the earlier you start, the better your long-term outcomes. Even if symptoms are already advanced, a personalised physiotherapy plan can significantly improve mobility, function, and quality of life.

• Study the elevation profile and train on similar terrain.
• The race starts in Newlands, offering a flat beginning before a steady climb up Edinburgh Drive.
• Be ready for the gradual ascent up Southern Cross Drive, the toughest climb of the route.
• Once past the highest point, enjoy the downhill stretch past Kirstenbosch before heading to the finish at the University of Cape Town.
• Pace yourself conservatively in the first half to have energy for the finish.

Ready to make a joint decision for better health? Let’s work together to keep you moving with confidence. Book your appointment at Hein Viljoen Physiotherapy today!